Different Types Of Ownership

Globalisation- Globiliation is the process by the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange. An example of globilation is Facebook and MTV.

Merger- Merger occurs when two companies combine into a single entity. An example of merger is BskyB, Bskyb is SKy Television and British Satellite Broadcasting merged together to become BskyB which was formed in 1990.









Takeover- Takeover occurs when one company acquires control of another company. This is usually large companies buying into smaller ones. An example of this is Facebook buying into the Instagram app for $1 Billion dollars cash.

Vertical Integration- Vertical integration is whena company expands its business into areas that are at different points of the same production path. An example of this is Vergin Media, this started off as a record label formed by Richard Branson, it then went on to form a huge TV company, phone companies, airoplanes and many more.

Horizontal Integration- Horizontal Integration is when a company expands its business into different products that are similar to current lines. An example of this BBC, they have radio, TV, websites and more all to do with media.

 

The Big 6 in Creative Media Industries.

The Big 6 in Creative Media Industries!

•  GE - General Electric
• Disney
• Viacom
• News Corp
• Time Warner
• CBS

General Electric is a huge media giant, being one of the 'Big 6' means GE controls a severe amount the media across the world.

GE owns 80% of NBC unviersal, NBC is one of the world leading entertainment companies, which markets and produces TV shows and advertisements seen across the world.

NBC is a marketing machine, owning most of the worlds highest viewed tv shows and advertisements, such as the tonight show with jay lenno, it also owns popular TV sitcoms such as Will & Grace and frasier, this is the perfect marketing point for NBC as it has alot of products to offer, whcih can be sold and advertised on their various outlets like huge corporation TV and News Stations.

Disney is a global source of media with not just owning their own studios and having Disney Land over the world, Walt Disney also owns ABC, ESPN, Disney channel soapnet ABC, ABC Family, ABC Kids, Walt Disney Distribution, Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group, Disney Channel, ESPN, Jetix, Walt Disney Studios, Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Walt Disney Television Animation, Walt Disney Records, Walt Disney Pictures, Touchstone Pictures, Miramax Films, ABC Studios, Playhouse Disney, Disney Consumer Products, Pixar, Soapnet, Disney Interactive Studios, Muppets Holding Company, Disney Store, Toon Disney, New Horizon Interactive, and Hollywood Records also owns Disney Cruise which they have their own a private island called castaway cay.

Disney also has their own radio station which is broadcasted across Canada, Nicaragua, Mexico, Argentina and of course United States.

Walt Disney Studios own 8 big studios such as:
- Walt Disney Motion Pictures
- Marvel Studios
- Touchstone Pictures
- Disneynature
- Walt Disney Animation Studios
- Pixar Animation Studios
- Disney Music Group
- DIsney Theatrical Group

Viacom is one of the worlds largest premier entertainment brands that connect with the audience through television, motion picture, online and via mobiles in over 160 countries. Viacom has over 160 media networks across the globe which have approximately 700 global subscribers. Paramount Pictures being one of t
hem has celebrated its 100th year in 2010 carries on today as a major media producer.

These are a few of Viacom's networks:

- BET
- Coment Central
- MTV
- MTV 2
- Nickelodeon
- Nick Jr.
- VH1
and many more.

News Corporation is owned by Rupert Merdoch, he inherited Australia's news limited from his father, he also owns a large sum of the industry, he is the founder, chairman and CEO of global media holding company News Corporation which is the worlds second largest media company.
He also owns FOX, Sky Deutschland, Sky Italia and also English Sky. Murdoch also owns the Daily Telegraph and a variety of TV shows such as American Idol. He is one of the richest men in the world and in March 2011 Merdoch was valued at a massive £4.7 billion.
The problem with Rupert owning so much of the UK and most of the worlds media sectors is that he is very close to the parliment and the government which means that the newspapers and television programmes will be biased towards his views on politics, as he will undermine the other politicians believing different things and try to make his views over rule everything else.

Time Warner operate in television film and publishing for both children and adults. Time Warner is also the worlds second largest company after Disney. In 2000 AOL became the owners of Time Warner Company after paying $164 billion dollars, this means that Time Warner own a stake hold of 45% and AOL own a capitalisation of 55%.

They have an estimated net worth of $41-$46 billion dollars.

CBS stands for Columbia broatcasting system managed by Sumner M. Redstone. CBS is stationed in the US and is the second largest company in TV broadcasting behind the BBC.
They own companies such as Columbia records, Musical instrument division, Film production, CBS radio which also gives them an advantage with advertisements as they can publisise their radio on their tv and vise versa.
CBS bought into Paramount for $37 billion dollars.

Public & Private Ownership.

There are two different types of ownership in the media, Public and Private.

Public is owned collectively by the public as a whole who pay for the TV license which is £145.50 a year per house hold.. This is broadcasters such as the BBC. As a result of this, programmes are alot more specific to what the public want, it also helps new programmes which may start on BBC Three get funding to become a series. Another advantage is that due to the TV license there is no need to have adverts, which means programmes just run straight through with out a break. However, public is only a certain amount of channels so may not have the programmes suited for everyone which means they may need to look at private broadcasting channels. 


Private is owned by companies or people who own a range of companies. As private broadcasting is owned by companies this means that there is no license fee. This means that there has to be advertisements between programmes for breaks which is a way of the owners of the channels produce money. They earn profit on how many people watch there channel or buy into their company such as buying a sky or a virgin box. An advantage of this is that you don't have to pay for the channels you just pay one payment for the box such as sky or virgin and get a huge selection of channels. A disadvantage of private is that there are adverts as that is where they get there money from when programmes or companies pay for there adverts to get shown at certain times when people will be watching television the most.

Welcome To My Blog,

The media is a fast developing industry, there are 9 main creative media sectors:


- Publishing









The definition of publishing is the activity of preparing and issuing books, journals and any other material for sale. the publishing industry employs over 195,000 people, over 51,000 people are employed in the newspaper sector, with 50,500 working in journals and magazines, 33,000 in the book industry and nearly 12,000 in other information service activities.

- Radio

The definition of radio is the transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves of radio frequency,
Radio is undergoing a digital revolution. There are 22,000 people employed in the UK with radio, this is more than terrestrial TV, employers range in size from the BBC and larger commercial radio groups to not-for-profit community radio stations run mainly by volunteers.



- TV

The definiton of Television is a system for transmitting visual images and sound that are reproduced on screens, its tend to be used to broadcast programmes for entertainment.

There are nine tessestrial broadcasters which include BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Five, S4C, and UTV. These are also called Public Service broadcsters. There are 55,800 people employed in the UK with TV.
Television is going through a period of rapid and profound change in the face of media convergence and globilisation.

- Advertising













Advertising is a form of communication from marketing to the public which is used to persuade of manipulate the audience to buy into that product of some sort. Commercial advertising is made to increase consumption of new or old products through 'branding'. 'Branding' involves associating a product to an image for the audience. Non-commercial advertising is where money is spent to advertise other things rather than products to buy, this may be religious organisations or political parties who need to advertise their companies or their beliefs to persuade other people to believe them too.


- Animation






















Animation is a small part of the creative media industry, it only consists of 4700 employees in the UK. Although this sector is small in the industry compared to the other eight, it is also growing in success and popularity with TV programmes such as Family Guy. Animation is used in many find, websites, videos TV and adverts.
The animation sector is split up into different types. These types are 2D and 3D computer generated and 2D drawn animation which is the traditional style. The majority of animation is used on most childrens programmes, films and computer games.

- Film

The big 6 in Hollywood

·         Paramount

·         Warner bros

·         Sony (Columbia/screen gems)

·         Disney

·         Universal

·         26^th Century fox

There are six different component parts in the film industry:

·         Development

·         Production

·         Facilities

·         Distribution

·         Exhibition

·         Export.

There are around 400 'permanent' companies in the film industry; this figure varies depending on the number of productions being worked on at any one time.

The UK Film Council Feature Film Production Workforce Survey 2008 shows that the UK film industry has a total workforce of around 27,800 people. The vast majority (62%) are in exhibition, with a third (34%) in production and the remaining 4% in distribution.
UK Independent film companies

-       Polygram Filmed Entertainment

-       Film4

-       BBC

-       Stage 6 films

- Games



Home computing began uprising in the 1980's when consoles were made in production and sold widely across the world. As games started improving more and more in the 21st century new methods and the quality of gaming were improving also.
Most games are a world phenomenon such as Call of Duty Modern Warfare 3 made 775 million dollars which beat previous versions of Call of Duty.
Across the UK the games industry is distributed widely which is alof different from most of the other creative media sectors where the trend for jobs is mainly around the capital, London.

- Interactive Media




The interactive media industry is a very fluid sector with many over laps with, the blurred distinctions between other sectors. For instance as interactive media products become more sophisticated over time their development increasingly has greater overlap with the software and IT sector.
There are 34,300 people employed in the interactive media sector in the UK, it is also worth seven million with represents about 7% of the creative media industries.
Examples of interactive media is Facebook, Twitter and youtube.





- Photo Imaging



The total photo imaging workforce comprises around 43,100 people. 51% of these are based in the south of England, with the largest proportion in London and the South East. The rest of the work force is spread throughout Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the remaining regions of England.
The photo imagine industry is made up of 8,700 companies, two thirds of these are sole traders or free lance photographers.